Background exploitation KEV catalog

CVE-2023-39780

ASUS RT-AX55 Routers OS Command Injection Vulnerability

CheckOps priority index

6.5/10 Patch within 7 days

Severity8.8

Probability4.0

Exploitation3/5

Severity = CVSS. Probability = EPSS (FIRST). Exploitation = public signals: KEV, EUVD, ransomware, EPSS above 10 %, no account required.

EPSS · today 39.5% higher than 98.6% of CVEs

CVSS 3.1 8.8 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:

Exploited for 519 days 02 Jun 2025

CISA due date 23 Jun 2025 for US federal agencies

Exploitation probability EPSS · FIRST

EPSS probability (%)Percentile among all CVEs

Exploitation signals 3 / 5

KEV catalog (CISA)02 Jun 2025
Exploited in EUVD (ENISA)02 Jun 2025
Used by ransomwareno
EPSS above 10 %39.5%
No account, over the networkno

What to do

Fix

Apply the vendor’s fix as soon as it is available.

CISA guidance: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Meanwhile

Take the service off the internet or restrict access to it, watch the logs and look for signs of compromise.

Manufacturers (CRA)

Exploited vulnerability in your product: early warning to ENISA within 24 h, then notification within 72 h (Article 14 of the Cyber Resilience Act). The CRA explained

Description ENISA EUVD

On ASUS RT-AX55 3.0.0.4.386.51598 devices, authenticated attackers can perform OS command injection via the /start_apply.htm qos_bw_rulelist parameter. NOTE: for the similar "token-generated module" issue, see CVE-2023-41345; for the similar "token-refresh module" issue, see CVE-2023-41346; for the similar "check token module" issue, see CVE-2023-41347; and for the similar "code-authentication module" issue, see CVE-2023-41348.

Affected products

RT-AX55RT-AX55 Routers

Affected versions

3.0.0.4.386.51598

Weaknesses (CWE)

CWE-78

Open source packages OSV

Affected libraries according to OSV, with fixed versions.

Timeline

11 Sept 2023
Published
02 Jun 2025
Exploitation reported (ENISA)
02 Jun 2025
Added to the KEV catalog
23 Jun 2025
CISA remediation due date
26 Sept 2026
EPSS peak: 40.2%

References

Other exploited vulnerabilities from the same vendor

CVE-2025-59374ASUS Live Update Embedded Malicious Code Vulnerability
5.6 · Background exploitation
CVE-2021-32030ASUS Routers Improper Authentication Vulnerability
9.3 · Background exploitation